Planned Change Essay -- Organizational Development, Change

Planning according to the class notes (Dr. Smith, Module 5) and Stojkovic et al (2008) is a general application of the notion of planned change. Planned change is made up of a number of behaviors intended to alter individuals, groups, and organization structure and practice (Stojkovic et al, 2008). Although there are several elements of a planned change four of them include innovation and accepting problems, overcoming organizational decision making routines, looking to the future, and continues commitment. First planned change mandates improvement and acknowledges troubles as prospects to pursue real development in an agency’s performance. However, Warren (1997) points out that planned change is not an inactive reaction to organizational climate stress or minimal attempt to decrease organizational strains (Stojovic et al, 2008). Nevertheless, this type of effort is what is usually seen throughout criminal justice agencies. For example, correction facilities are well known for changing titles like guards to corrections officers, convicts to inmates and so on (Stojkovic et al, 2008). To avoid this passive type of change there needs to be a more proactive change implemented in the agency. For example, several law enforcement agencies have put into practice a program called Compstat that requires command staff to study patterns of crime, set calculable objectives to decrease crime, and build up plans to decrease crime in the studied areas (Stojkovic et al, 2008). The second element is overcoming organizational decision making routines. These routines for example, include the garbage can solution which states that individuals in an organization have â€Å"favorite solutions† already preconceived that are waiting for problems to... ...ats for the officers. Thus, if the officer feels he/she will be blamed for any mistakes they will tend to shift most of the responsibility to their superior making them adhere to old policy and practices (Stojkovic et al, 2008). Moreover, if there is not a good line of communication and decision making is centralized, members will be less reluctant to participate in the change process. This will not be healthy for the organization because there will not be a healthy feedback from the members regarding the efficiency of the new program. This could eventually be the demise of the new program. As one can see it is hard to create an organizational climate that is productive and open to change, and more so if there is conflict within the organization. For this reason each step should be thought about and planned for in dealing with the organizations climate.

A Worn Path: Dementia Essay

Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. It affects memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior. This disease usually affects the old generation. As the human body ages, some aspects of life may not be as easy as they were before. In this paper, I will talk about the causes, symptoms, medications, diagnosis, complications, and preventions of Dementia. The causes of Dementia can be heightened. Most types of dementia are nonreversible. Nonreversible means the changes in the brain that are causing the dementia cannot be stopped or turned back. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. Lewy body disease is a leading cause of dementia in elderly adults. People with this condition have abnormal protein structures in certain areas of the brain. Dementia also can be due to many small strokes. This is called vascular dementia. Some other medical conditions that can lead to Dementia are Huntingson’s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease. Some causes of dementia may be stopped or reversed if they are found soon enough. Some more causes are brain injury, brain tumor, chronic alcohol abuse, changes in sodium and calcium levels. Dementia usually occurs in older age. It is rare in people under age 60. The risk for dementia increases as a person gets older. Dementia symptoms include difficulty with many areas of mental function. Some symptoms are language, memory, perception, emotional behavior or personality, and cognitive skills such as such as critical thinking, calculation, and judgment. Dementia usually first appears as forgetfulness. Mild cognitive impairment is the stage between normal forgetfulness due to aging and the development of dementia. People with MCI have mild problems with thinking and memory that do not interfere with everyday activities. They are often aware of the forgetfulness. Not everyone with MCI develops dementia. Some symptoms of MCI are: Difficulty performing more than one task at a time, difficulty solving problems or making decisions, forgetting recent events or conversations, taking longer to perform more difficult mental activities. The early symptoms of dementia can include: Difficulty performing tasks that take some thought, but that used to come easily, such as balancing a checkbook, playing games, and learning new information or routines. Getting lost on familiar routes can also be an early sign of Dementia. Language problems, such as trouble finding the name of familiar objects, losing interest in things you previously enjoyed, flat mood, misplacing items, and personality changes and loss of social skills, which can lead to inappropriate behaviors.

Causes of the Latin American Revolution

As late as 1808, Spains New World Empire stretched from parts of the present-day western US to Tierra del Fuego in South America, from the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean. By 1825, it was all gone except for a handful of islands in the Caribbean—broken into several independent states. How could Spains New World Empire fall apart so quickly and completely? The answer is long and complicated, but here are some of the essential causes of the Latin American Revolution. Lack of Respect for the Creoles By the late eighteenth century, the Spanish colonies had a thriving class of Creoles (Criollo in Spanish), wealthy men and women of European ancestry born in the New World. The revolutionary hero Simon Bolivar is a good example, as he was born in Caracas to a well-to-do Creole family four generations of whom who had lived in Venezuela, but as a rule, did not intermarry with the locals. Spain discriminated against the Creoles, appointing mostly new Spanish immigrants to important positions in the colonial administration. In the audiencia (court) of Caracas, for example, no native Venezuelans were appointed from 1786 to 1810. During that time, ten Spaniards and four creoles from other areas did serve. This irritated the influential Creoles who correctly felt that they were being ignored. No Free Trade The vast Spanish New World Empire produced many goods, including coffee, cacao, textiles, wine, minerals and more. But the colonies were only allowed to trade with Spain, and at rates advantageous for Spanish merchants. Many Latin Americans began selling their goods illegally to the British colonies and after 1783, U.S. merchants. By the late 18th century, Spain was forced to loosen some trade restrictions, but the move was too little, too late as those who produced these goods now demanded a fair price for them. Other Revolutions By 1810, Spanish America could look to other nations to see revolutions and their results. Some were a positive influence: The American Revolution (1765–1783) was seen by many in South America as a good example of elite leaders of colonies throwing off European rule and replacing it with a more fair and democratic society—later, some constitutions of new republics borrowed heavily from the U.S. Constitution. Other revolutions were not as positive. The Haitian Revolution, a bloody but successful uprising of slaves against their French colonial owners (1791–1804), terrified landowners in the Caribbean and northern South America, and as the situation worsened in Spain, many feared that Spain could not protect them from a similar uprising. A Weakened Spain In 1788, Charles III of Spain, a competent ruler, died and his son Charles IV took over. Charles IV was weak and indecisive and mostly occupied himself with hunting, allowing his ministers to run the Empire. As an ally of Napoleons First French Empire, Spain willingly joined with Napoleonic France and began fighting the British. With a weak ruler and the Spanish military tied up, Spains presence in the New World decreased markedly and the Creoles felt more ignored than ever. After Spanish and French naval forces were crushed at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, Spains ability to control the colonies lessened even more. When Great Britain attacked Buenos Aires in 1806–1807, Spain could not defend the city and a local militia had to suffice. American Identities There was a growing sense in the colonies of being separate from Spain. These differences were cultural and often a source of great pride among Creole families and regions. By the end of the eighteenth century, the visiting Prussian scientist Alexander Von Humboldt (1769–1859) noted that the locals preferred to be called Americans rather than Spaniards. Meanwhile, Spanish officials and newcomers consistently treated creoles with disdain, maintaining and further widening the social gap between them. Racism While Spain was racially pure in the sense that the Moors, Jews, gypsies and other ethnic groups had been kicked out centuries before, the New World populations were a diverse mixture of Europeans, Indians and blacks brought in as slaves. The highly racist colonial society was extremely sensitive to minute percentages of black or Indian blood. A persons status in society could be determined by how many 64ths of Spanish heritage one had. To further muddle things up, Spanish law allowed wealthy people of mixed heritage to buy whiteness and thus rise in a society that did not want to see their status change. This caused resentment within the privileged classes. The dark side of the revolutions was that they were fought, in part, to maintain a racist status quo in the colonies freed of Spanish liberalism. Final Straw: Napoleon Invades Spain 1808 Tired of the waffling of Charles IV and Spains inconsistency as an ally, Napoleon invaded in 1808 and quickly conquered not only Spain but Portugal as well. He replaced Charles IV with his own brother,  Joseph Bonaparte. A Spain ruled by France was an outrage even for New World loyalists: Many men and women who would have otherwise supported the royalist side now joined the insurgents. Those who resisted Napoleon in Spain begged the colonials for help but refused to promise to reduce trade restrictions if they won. Rebellion The chaos in Spain provided a perfect excuse to rebel and yet not commit treason. Many Creoles said they were loyal to Spain, not Napoleon. In places like Argentina, colonies sort of declared independence, claiming they would only rule themselves until such time as Charles IV or his son Ferdinand was put back on the Spanish throne. This half-measure was much more palatable to those who did not want to declare independence outright. But in the end, there was no real going back from such a step. Argentina was the first to formally declare independence on July 9, 1816. The independence of Latin America from Spain was a foregone conclusion as soon as the creoles began thinking of themselves as Americans and the Spaniards as something different from them. By that time, Spain was between a rock and a hard place: The creoles clamored for positions of influence in the colonial bureaucracy and for freer trade. Spain granted neither, which caused great resentment and helped lead to independence. Even if Spain had agreed to these changes, they would have created a more powerful, wealthy colonial elite with experience in administering their home regions—a road that also would have led directly to independence. Some Spanish officials must have realized this and so the decision was taken to squeeze the utmost out of the colonial system before it collapsed. Of all of the factors listed above, the most important is probably  Napoleons invasion of Spain. Not only did it provide a massive distraction and tie up Spanish troops and ships, it pushed many undecided Creoles over the edge in favor of independence. By the time Spain was beginning to stabilize—Ferdinand reclaimed the throne in 1813—colonies in Mexico, Argentina, and northern South America were in revolt. Sources Lockhart, James, and Stuart B. Schwartz. Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Lynch, John.  Simà ³n Bolà ­var: A Life.  2006: Yale University Press.Scheina, Robert L.  Latin Americas Wars: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791–1899.  Washington: Brasseys, 2003.Selbin, Eric. Modern Latin American Revolutions, 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2018.

Beowulf An Epic Hero - 978 Words

Beowulf is a character that exudes the qualities of an epic hero. Throughout this epic, Beowulf is seen as a hero to many and a major threat to the evils he encounters. The values of the Anglo-Saxons, who would have read and admired this poem, included loyalty, bravery, and honor. Beowulf’s character exemplifies all of these qualities to the highest degree. The values and traditions of the original composers of this story cause Beowulf’s character to be the perfect example of an Anglo-Saxon epic hero. There are specific characteristics of epic heroes that are common throughout many folk epics. Epic heroes are known to be larger-than-life figures, usually of noble or semi divine birth, who use their courage and skill against evil forces, go on quests, and accomplish valorous deeds. Beowulf is a character that fits the definition of an epic hero perfectly. In each part of this poem Beowulf shows himself to be the hero his people need. There are many examples of each characteristic throughout the epic. The poem describes Beowulf as â€Å"greater and stronger than anyone anywhere in this world† (lns. 110-111); this quote presents evidence of Beowulf having the characteristic of being a larger-than-life being. Another example of this characteristic is when he explained why he is worthy of fighting Grendel. Beowulf talks of his time in war, how he cleared the world of giants, and how he swam and hunted monsters out of the ocean. When he goes to fight Grendel’sShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Beowulf As An Epic Hero1519 Words   |  7 Pagesaway following a journey, you have most likely read an epic. An epic by definition is â€Å"a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation†. Every epic has a main character that undergoes the same archetypal journey as all other heroes, an epic hero. 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Next, Beowulf is the warrior that many strive to be in life. In addition, Beowulf finds himself tackling many quests that involve dangerous beasts, or as he might call them, demons. The next quality shown by Beowulf is his bravery and honor. The reader is able to easily identify this characteristicRead MoreBeowulf, The Epic Hero1373 Words   |  6 Pages 2015 Beowulf, The Epic Hero In Anglo Saxon times, Beowulf is considered a well known epic hero. â€Å"Epic heroes are literary characters from ancient mythology and other stories, which were written down in the form of long, narrative epic poems. The hero is the main character, or protagonist of the poem†(Epic Hero: Definition, Characteristics Examples.). The epic hero usually battles for accomplishments to a set of tasks to complete important goals. 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One such tale, over a thousand years old, stands out from all the rest: Beowulf, the tale of a great warrior, on his quest to achieve eternal glory, defeating great opponents. Throughout the whole story, Beowulf demonstrates most –if not all- of the qualities that an archetypal hero possesses. He embodies the highest ideals of his cultureRead MoreBeowulf : The Epic Hero960 Words   |  4 PagesPotter, and Beowulf all have in common? They all demonstrate the qualities of epic heroes. Beowulf represents several characteristics of an epic hero and demonstrates the values of the Anglo-Saxons. He is the main character of his story, he has a main goal, he travels and fights with a group of people, and he accomplishes many valorous deeds; the values of the Anglo-Saxons are also shown through the actions of Beowulf, such as courage, loyalty, an d fame. For example, when Beowulf heard a cryRead MoreBeowulf : The Epic Hero1321 Words   |  6 PagesBeowulf the Epic Hero What does it mean to be a hero? Like anything else in this world, the definition of the word hero can be argued. Some may say that a hero can be passive, that is if he or she refrains from doing a certain action it makes them heroic. Others would argue that to be truly heroic the character must never turn tail and always face the obstacle head on even though he or she may die in the process. So is Beowulf a hero? Yes, Beowulf is a great epic hero, but his greatness comes only

The Political Economy of the Media in Zimbabwe - 1491 Words

The Political Economy of the media in Zimbabwe The political economy of the media in Zimbabwe is mostly centered on the hands of the government. The government has control over major media players like the public media which include print and broadcasting media. Through its control of the public media it has greatly impede freedom of expression, freedom of the press, freedom of information and freedom of opinion in the media. However, the government has manage to give some private players room to establish their media houses but these players have to dance to the music of those who are holding power through following harsh media laws enacted by the government. Hence, the political economy of the media in Zimbabwe has negative influence on†¦show more content†¦These media houses do not have freedom a media house should enjoy as they are forced to abide by what the government wants to be published, they are also forced to be unethical in their publications as they do not write balanced, clarity, truth and fair stories in t heir publications because of government or ZANU PF interference in their day to day business. The government also control the only broadcasting media house in Zimbabwe. Through the minister of Information direct involvement in operations of Zimbabwe Broadcasting Holdings (ZBH) the programs that are aired on ZBC TV and the four radio stations are pro ZANU PF and this means that the freedom that media houses should acquire are in the hands of the minister of Information. 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Zczxc Free Essays

The managerial grid model (1964), developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton, is a behavioral leadership model. The model is an excellent way to map out different leadership styles, and an excellent way to evaluate the leadership performed by leaders and managers. This model identifies five different leadership styles based on the  concern for people  and theconcern for production. We will write a custom essay sample on Zczxc or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is important to remember that none of the concerns are right or wrong, and the concerns are ideally balanced to the respective situational context of leadership. The model is graphically illustrated at the end of the article. Concern for People  relates to the degree to which a leader considers needs of employees and team members before deciding how to accomplish a task. A high degree of concern could be coupled to a more democratic leadership style, whereas a low concern for people could be coupled to an autocratic leadership style. * Concern for Production  relates to the degree to which a leader emphasizes production effectiveness and efficiency when deciding how best to accomplish tasks. By charting the position in the grid it is possible to diagnose which leadership style is being performed, and to evaluate the appropriateness of the style of leadership. The five different leadership styles found in the managerial grid are presented below: Country Club Leadership – High Concern for People/Low Concern for Production   A country club leader is mostly concerned about the needs and feelings of his/her employees or team members. This leader probably supposes that members of the organization will work hard if the feel happy and secure. However, production may suffer under this leadership style, and the effectiveness of the organization may suffer due to a lack of direct supervision and control. Produce or Perish Leadership – High Concern for Production/Low Concern for People   A produce or perish leader is very concerned about production effectiveness, and probably sees workers as means to achieve great results. This leader also sees workforce needs as secondary to the need of a productive and efficient workplace. He/She might have very strict and autocratic work rules, and perhaps views punishment as the best motivational force. Impoverished Leadership – Low Concern for Production/ Low Concern for People   This leader is very ineffective. The leader has neither a high regard for creating efficient systems or rules to structure work processes, nor for creating a motivated or satisfied work environment. The result of this leadership style could be a highly disorganized workplace with low satisfaction and motivation. Middle of the Road Leadership – Medium Concern for Production/Medium Concern for People   This style tries to balance the two competing concerns. It tries to compromise different needs, and may seem as a great solution. However, when compromising, leaders risk that neither the concern for people nor the concern for production is fully met. This may lead to average performance, where top results may not be achieved. Workers may end up moderately motivated and satisfied, and production may only become moderately effective. Team Leadership – High Concern for Production/High Concern for People   According to the Blake Mouton model, this is the best and most effective leadership style. These leaders both stress the importance of workforce needs and production needs. This leader manages to engulf workers into the importance of production efficiency, and manages to motivate employees. This creates an atmosphere of team spirit, where each team member is highly motivated and satisfied, which commits the worker to work hard and increase productivity. Use of the managerial grid Firstly, leaders should plot their own style into the managerial grid, and diagnose which leadership style they are conducting. Secondly, leaders can evaluate their leadership style, and assess if they could improve their leadership style in some way. Thirdly, leaders should put their leadership style into the respective situational context, and try to balance their leadership style to the needs found in the organization. The team leadership style may not be best in all situations, and some situations, like e. g. and economic crisis, might call for an entirely different style like e. g. a produce or perish leadership style. Leaders must therefore analyze which leadership style is called for, and afterwards analyze whether or not they conduct the most appropriate style. This analysis is therefore based on the different contingencies facing an organization, and leaders may use the knowledge fromContingency Theory  or the  PESTEL Framework  to analyze which leadership styles are most appropriate for the viability of the organization. How to cite Zczxc, Essay examples

Flowers for algernon 4 Essay Example For Students

Flowers for algernon 4 Essay FLOWERS FOR ALGERNON SUPPLEMENTARY BOOK REVIEWThe book, Flowers for Algernon, was an exciting science fiction novel written by Daniel Keyes. The main characters of the story are the central character, Charlie, who is a mentally retarded individual involvedin a remarkable experiment which increased his I.Q., Alice, a teacher atthe special education faculty at Beekman College who taught Charlie how toread and write, the professors who performed the experiment on Charlie,Fay, one of Charlies aquaintances which he meets as the book progresses,and last but not least Algernon. The novel is exciting and contains very original material. The moodswhich are created in the reader, being me, are ones of sorrow, anger, andguilt. One of the elements of the story which contributes greatly to themood the reader experiences would be the plot. In the story, Charlie, issubject to an experiment which increases his intelligence in hopes ofknowing more in the soul purpose of impressing people to gain friends. Unfortunately some of his anticipations were not met. The main characters in the novel include Charlie, Alice, Algernon, andFay, a character who did not make much of an appearance, but in my eyesbelieved, that she played a very important part in Charlies involvement intrying to sort out his past and figure out his present and future plans. Charlie is a mentally retarded person who has impressing people and gainingfriends as one of his top priorities. He then hears of an experiment whichcould possibly make him smart. He makes himself subject to this humanexperiment with the hopes of gaining knowledge in a sole purpose of gainingfriends. As the book progresses, Charlie goes through dramatic changesmentally, and instead of making him gain friends he actually is looked onin the same way if not worse. For example, at Charlies old work hisfriends made fun of him and enjoyed his company just because Charlie hadamused them. Yet after the operation, Charlie discovers that he had notmade his friends like him more, but in actual fact, had pushed them away. Charlie understood now that his friends had done to him in the past, andstarts to look down upon them. Alice, Charlies teacher, is the person whointroduced Charlie to the idea of giving the experiment a chance. Shebelieves that Charlie has the determination, desire, and will power to makethe experiment work. She then, later on in the book, gets emotionallyinvolved with Charlie and helps Charlie learn more about himself. Algernon, is a lab animal who also has the experiment done on him and asresult makes him smarter than the average mouse. Algernon also plays avery important part in the novel because he represents Charlie andforeshadows what will happen to Charlie later on in the book. Fay, is anartist who certainly has views on life which can be rarely found in anindividual. As the book progresses, Fay, helps Charlie reveal his physicaland emotional capabilities. There are many exciting parts which occur in the book, yet onehowever, in my opinion which proved to be the most memorable would probablybe when he had been trying to find what had gone wrong in the experimentbefore the inevitable happened to him. After he had discovered what hadgone wrong he had started to descend down the escalator of intelligence andattempted to make several desperate attempts to try and walk up anescalator going down. The only thing that I do not agree with is how the book concludes. .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9 , .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9 .postImageUrl , .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9 , .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9:hover , .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9:visited , .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9:active { border:0!important; } .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9:active , .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9 .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u214814f3a87d01ab21d4dc04d1e1acf9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Stem Cell Dilemma EssayThe conclusion of the book in my eyes leaves the reader hanging like this. If I would make a change I would write about what happened afterCharlie Gordons death. An example of this would be possible progress andsuccess in the field, or maybe because of the events which had occurred inthe past in this field, it was given up for dead, or maybe Fay or Alicehad conceived a child and grew older had pursued his/her fatherstheory/discovery which in turn leads into a sequel. If anyone were to askme if they should read Flowers For Algernon, I would regard it as anexcellent book to read because it makes the reader think of how a mentallyretarded person feels, and mabye will show us a new respect for them. Thisbook has made me realize just how much more determination a mentallyretarded person could possibly have, and makes me realize just how lucky normal people really are.