Nicotine Essay -- essays research papers

In the world today, Nicotine is ace of the most frequently used addictive drugs. The impact it has on society is like no other. It is one of more than 4,000 chemicals found in the smoke of tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. This addictive drug is the primary component in tobacco that acts on the brain. tobacco plant can be found two ways, it can be dried brown leaves of various sizes or it can be a grown stamp of tobacco. When extracted from the leaves, nicotine is colorless, but quickly turns brown when exposed to air. It then becomes a poisonous, pale yellow, oily liquid with a pungent odor and acrid taste. The amount of nicotine contained in tobacco leaves ranges from 2% to 7%.There are four ways in which you can use tobacco. They are cigarette smoke, dry or steady snuff, and chewing tobacco. The cigarette smoke is inhaled through with(predicate) the mouth. Most cigarettes in the US contain 10 milligrams or more of the nicotine. Since most of the nicotine is destroyed by the genus Oestrus of burning the actual concentration of nicotine in smoke is low. So, when inhaling the smoke you actually only take in 1 to 2 mg of nicotine per cigarette. Nicotine is absorbed through the skin, lining of the mouth and nose, or by inhalation in the lungs. Depending on how the tobacco is taken, nicotine can reach peak levels in the bloodstream and brain rapidly. fagot smoking, for example, results in quick dis...

Abortion in the First Trimester Only Essay -- Pregnancy Ethics Essays

The cable that has torn the nation apart for ages is abortion. Each individual needs to ware the time out to search every aspect of the ideals behind abortion. The two main sides to abortion are pro-choice and pro-life. Both sides make strong arguments to contain their side. The main question behind abortion is whether the act is murder of an unhatched child or the unspoilt of the mother to need what happens to her body. A lot of research is needed before an individual can make a rational decision about what side of the abortion issue they take. This paper focuses on the argument that abortion is a muliebritys choice in her first trimester of her pregnancy only, and after that time period is over the unborn child has the righteousness to life just like some(prenominal) other human being. This substance ground is what a lot of people believe these days, the right for a woman to choose in the first trimester only (Baird 179). People who believe this are stuck between the two sides of abortion. These people are just to be named as the middle ground, where both sides make good points, but they only agree with a few parts of the arguments. The basic idea is that a woman has the right to choose until the first trimester is over and from then on the unborn child has the right to life and should be carried to full term and delivered.The pro-life movement believes that the killing of any child, abortion or not, is murder and the dead, unborn child should be protected by the law of natures of the states just like any other victim of murder. Pro-life advocates bear that the fetus is a person with the same rights and interests as a born person, therefore the mother does not have the right to privacy if by doing so they murder another person, their unborn child (McDonagh 47). The advocates state that their argument is in the idea that an unborn child has the rights as the mother and that the unborn child would choose life, just as the mother would choose murder as her choice. Although the pro-life advocates make an argument that seems reasonable, what they are not stating is that under law the woman has the right to privacy, freedom, and the right to choose what actions happens to her body. The woman has control to do what ever she likes to her own personal body. Therefore, if a woman chooses to have an abortion, she may be able to in the first trimester of her pregnancy only. The developi... ... facts state that an abortion is the womans choice in the first trimester and the unborn childs right to live in the second trimester and on. This belief is known as the middle ground in the abortion issue and many people believe in this kind of action. Although the abortion issue will be an on going dispute, the middle ground is a reasonable and logical answer to the abortion problem. This is why the mother has the right to choose in the first trimester only and after that the fetus has the right to life, like anyone else. Works CitedBaird, Robe rt M. and Stuart E. Rosenbaum. The Ethics of Abortion. sassy York Prometheus Books, 2001.Johnson, Robert V. Mayo Clinic despatch Book of Pregnancy & Babys First Year. New York William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1994.Mason, J K, and R A McCall Smith. Law and Medical Ethics. London Butterworths, 1994.McDonagh, Eileen L. Breaking the Abortion Deadlock. New York Oxford University Press, 1996.Reiman, Jeffrey. Abortion and the Ways We Value Human Life. Boston Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, INC., 1999. Solinger, Rickie. Abortion Wars. Los Angles University of California Press, 1998.

Arthurian Features in That Hideous Strength Essay -- Hideous Strength

Arthurian Features in That frightening Strength Tales change with every teller. Features may be added or subtracted, stories may be broken apart or combined. Often the story-teller will adapt the yarn for his own purposes to emphasize some theme of his own. C. S. Lewis uses and modifies older sources in many ship canal in his novel That Hideous Strength, incorporating themes and portions of Arthurian literature to add color and emphasize the subjects of his plot. Lewis includes many direct references to older Arthurian literature in his novel. The drawing card of his group of heroes is the former philogist Ransom, at first known as Mr. Fisher-King, who has a wounded foot. The name and the wound are obvious reminders of the Fisher-King myth which produces the quest for the devoted Grail in Malory, and the allusion is further supported when for his meal he is served only a small flacon of red wine, and a roll of bread (Lewis, p. 149) -- reminders of the Last Supper and the resu lting relics that the Fisher-King is associated with. Lewis rumor differs in that the Fisher-King is the same person as the Pendragon. Yet his tale also combines a quest for holy things (eldilic help through Merlin) to heal the sickness of the stain with a great, climactic meshing against evil, thus merging the two characters functions as well as their attributes. Also, as in earlier versions of the story, the Pendragon disappears after his final employment is completed, and the crowning conflict itself takes place in a dense fog which obscures everything. When Merlin arrives, his full name is condition up as Merlinus Ambrosius, the name he is given in one of his earliest appearances in Arthurian literature, Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Reg... ...e medieval world may have been closer, in a way, to the truths of the universe than most of us modern, advanced, proud, scientific, atheistic, manque people. Science can be a great blessing, but only if it is used correctly and f or the good of all humanity and, more importantly, all creation. though Lewis deals with small, unimportant people -- fellows of small colleges and maids from small towns -- he places them in a setting and situation of Arthurian scope, and thus brings out the great nobility of intermediate man. Works Cited Lewis, Clive Staples. That Hideous Strength. Macmillan Publishing Co. New York, NY (1946). Malory, Sir Thomas. Works. Eugene Vinaver, ed. Second edition. Oxford University Press New York, NY (1971). White, T. H. The Once and Future King. The Berkley Publishing Group New York, NY (1958). Arthurian Features in That Hideous Strength Essay -- Hideous StrengthArthurian Features in That Hideous Strength Tales change with every teller. Features may be added or subtracted, stories may be broken apart or combined. Often the story-teller will adapt the tale for his own purposes to emphasize some theme of his own. C. S. Lewis uses and modifies older sources in many ship canal in his novel That Hideous Strength, incorporating themes and portions of Arthurian literature to add color and emphasize the subjects of his plot. Lewis includes many direct references to older Arthurian literature in his novel. The loss leader of his group of heroes is the former philogist Ransom, at first known as Mr. Fisher-King, who has a wounded foot. The name and the wound are obvious reminders of the Fisher-King myth which produces the quest for the sanctum Grail in Malory, and the allusion is further supported when for his meal he is served only a small flacon of red wine, and a roll of bread (Lewis, p. 149) -- reminders of the Last Supper and the resulting relics that the Fisher-King is associated with. Lewis tale differs in that the Fisher-King is the same person as the Pendragon. Yet his tale also combines a quest for holy things (eldilic help through Merlin) to heal the sickness of the disembark with a great, climactic battle against evil, thus mergin g the two characters functions as well as their attributes. Also, as in earlier versions of the story, the Pendragon disappears after his final battle is completed, and the crowning conflict itself takes place in a dense fog which obscures everything. When Merlin arrives, his full name is given as Merlinus Ambrosius, the name he is given in one of his earliest appearances in Arthurian literature, Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Reg... ...e medieval world may have been closer, in a way, to the truths of the universe than most of us modern, advanced, proud, scientific, atheistic, overambitious people. Science can be a great blessing, but only if it is used correctly and for the good of all humanity and, more importantly, all creation. though Lewis deals with small, unimportant people -- fellows of small colleges and maids from small towns -- he places them in a setting and situation of Arthurian scope, and thus brings out the great nobility of frequent man. Works Cited Lewis, Clive Staples. That Hideous Strength. Macmillan Publishing Co. New York, NY (1946). Malory, Sir Thomas. Works. Eugene Vinaver, ed. Second edition. Oxford University Press New York, NY (1971). White, T. H. The Once and Future King. The Berkley Publishing Group New York, NY (1958).

My Second Home Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examples, Observation

My Second inhabitancy The wind blowing in my hair, the water thinly mists my face. There is a persistent humming in my ear from the motor. I turn and gaze over the railing, there are islands scattered in the aloofness including one, my final destination, the largest island in sight. The mysterious water curls against the edge of the ride, foamy and disturbed by the passing boat. My fingers drum systematically on the railing, repeating a intoned beat. I find my ego pacing the deck, back and forth, always returning to the same location, facing the island. As the ferry boat approaches the dock, I become overwhelmed with the anticipation of the caper that, I know, is awaiting me on this island.Kellys Island is a place that brings back fond memories from my childhood. This is a place where I have washed-out many summer vacations and family reunions. I conceptualize back on my simple, quiet, and lonely life. I am always the center of attention but lacking mortal of my own age to interact with, to parcel out my deepest secrets with. Although some people might say Im crazy, I would have liked to have siblings. Kellys Island gave me a chance to be around my family. Having cousins my own age to lend with and even pick on me, gave me a warm fuzzy feeling deep in stance.This island presents its own kind of witching(prenominal) aura, located in the middle of Lake Erie salutary off the shore of Northern Ohio, and perhaps this is why I was so mystified by this special place. This minute island has many beaches. On one side of the island, the beaches are made of stone, on the other, they are sandy white beaches resembling an ocean shore, glistening in the sunlight. The hot horny weather makes your skin moist, and the completely patronage to be found is the occasional breeze off the lake... ...to reality. The heavy air fills my lungs making them tight with every breath. My eyeball are heavy from the exhausting vacation, carry out with continuous action. Th e horn from the approaching ferry rings throughout my eardrums even after the noise is over.The coldness from the alloy seat penetrates into the warmth of my blood, as the make up breeze tousles my hair. I gaze over the railing and have beat to reflect on my time pass in my most favorite place. The nut house from my cousins has drained my energy and I realize that my time spent alone is not all that bad. Its is my valued time spent getting to know my self and grow as a person. Kellys Island is a place to visit, play, and interact with family. Its is also a place to leave and only return to every once and a while. I am on my way home and become overwhelmed with the anticipation of what is awaiting me there. My Second Home Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examples, ObservationMy Second Home The wind blowing in my hair, the water softly mists my face. There is a persistent humming in my ear from the motor. I turn and gaze over the railing, there are islands scattered in the distance including one, my final destination, the largest island in sight. The mysterious water curls against the edge of the boat, foamy and disturbed by the passing boat. My fingers drum consistently on the railing, repeating a rhythmic beat. I find myself pacing the deck, back and forth, always returning to the same location, facing the island. As the ferry boat approaches the dock, I become overwhelmed with the anticipation of the fun that, I know, is awaiting me on this island.Kellys Island is a place that brings back fond memories from my childhood. This is a place where I have spent many summer vacations and family reunions. I think back on my simple, quiet, and lonely life. I am always the center of attention but lacking someone of my own age to interact with, to share my deepest secrets with. Although some people might say Im crazy, I would have liked to have siblings. Kellys Island gave me a chance to be around my family. Having cousins my own age to play with and eve n pick on me, gave me a warm fuzzy feeling deep inside.This island presents its own kind of magical aura, located in the middle of Lake Erie just off the shore of Northern Ohio, and perhaps this is why I was so mystified by this special place. This small island has many beaches. On one side of the island, the beaches are made of stone, on the other, they are sandy white beaches resembling an ocean shore, glistening in the sunlight. The hot muggy weather makes your skin moist, and the only relief to be found is the occasional breeze off the lake... ...to reality. The heavy air fills my lungs making them tight with every breath. My eyes are heavy from the exhausting vacation, fulfilled with continuous action. The horn from the approaching ferry rings throughout my eardrums even after the noise is over.The coldness from the metal seat penetrates into the warmth of my blood, as the gentle breeze tousles my hair. I gaze over the railing and have time to reflect on my time spent in my mo st favorite place. The chaos from my cousins has drained my energy and I realize that my time spent alone is not all that bad. Its is my valued time spent getting to know my self and grow as a person. Kellys Island is a place to visit, play, and interact with family. Its is also a place to leave and only return to every once and a while. I am on my way home and become overwhelmed with the anticipation of what is awaiting me there.

Mafia Essay -- essays research papers fc

The maffia way of life may seem like a romantic updated version of the western movie played out on the streets of the colossal cities where the good guys and the wise guys who share the same instincts and values do battle in front an enthralled public but it is actually very different. The mafia is really just a group of uneducated thugs making money by victimizing the public. Initially, the mafia was setup as a prominent supplier of bootlegged liquor, but it has spread into many different areas of crime. During this research paper I will discuss ternary aspects of the Mafia which are crime, structure and decline in leadership. The Mob siphons off public funds, rigs contracts, corrupts unions which many hard working people with legitimate jobs are a part of, smuggles drugs, and runs illegal gambling rings. These are some of the ways the Mob negatively affects our community and harms innocent citizens. Any illegal activity that brings in big money the Mafia is part of. Union co rruption has been the primary focus of many federal investigations and by the end of the 1980s, four unions, the Teamsters, Longshoremen, Laborers, and Hotel and Restaurant Employees union, had all been identify as mob dominated. Not only does the mob find money makers in the United States, they finds ways to bring money to them from other countries. Alien export generates more than $3 billion a year for the mob. Mobsters will kill without remorse and threaten anyone who wont go along with what they are doing. To conceal free from the arm of the law "corrupters nullify the law-enforcement and political processes primarily by outright bribery and other rationally designed forms of influence such as contributions to political campaigns and promises to deliver votes in a particular area." One might think that corruption and bribery is not a problem, but one notable political analyst suggests that "the underworld" contributes 15 percent of the 3costs of local and stat e political campaigns which causes one to think that the mob may realise a strong hold on many powerful politicians. Mafia involvement with legitimate businesss affects the public in many ways. in effect(p) bankers have become unwitting allies to the Mafia and most of the securities stolen in the United States during the last two decades are lying safely in the vaults of intelligent banks, hypothecated for legi... ...ol. 5. Boca Raton SIRS, 1997. Art. 29.McGarvey, Robert. "Global Organized Crime." American Legion Feb. 1996 16. Crime. Ed. Trudy      Collins. Vol. 5. Boca Raton SIRS, 1997. Art. 64.McKillop, Peter. "The Last Godfathers?" Newsweek 6 Feb 1989 25.Mueller, Tom. "Cosa Nostra." The New Republic 15 Apr. 1996 17-18.Norland, Rob. "The Velcro Don Wiseguys finish last." Newsweek 13 Apr. 1992 34-35.Pistone, Joseph D., and Richard Woodley. "Undercover with the Mafia Respect Was the Watchword."       Palm Beach Post 10 Apr. 1988 1E. Crime. Ed. Trudy Collins. Vol. 4. Boca Raton SIRS, 1993.          Art. 8.Reid, Ed. The Grim Reapers. Chicago Henry Regnery Company, 1969. Reuter, Peter. "The decline of the American Mafia." Public Interest Summer 1995 89-99. Crime. Ed.     Trudy Collins. Vol. 5. Boca Raton SIRS, 1997. Art. 49.Viviano, Frank. "The New Mafia Order." Mother Jones May-June 1995 45-54.Vulliamy, Ed. "Mafia INC." World Press Review Dec. 1992 11-16.

Mafia Essay -- essays research papers fc

The mafia way of life may seem like a romantic updated variation of the western movie played out on the streets of the big cities where the good guys and the wise guys who share the same instincts and values do battle before an delighted public but it is actually very different. The Mafia is really just a group of uneducated thugs making currency by victimizing the public. Initially, the Mafia was frame-up as a prominent supplier of bootlegged liquor, but it has spread into many different areas of crime. During this research paper I will discuss three aspects of the Mafia which are crime, structure and decline in leadership. The Mob siphons off public funds, rigs contracts, corrupts unions which many hard working people with legitimate jobs are a per centum of, smuggles drugs, and runs illegal gambling rings. These are some of the ways the Mob negatively affects our community and harms innocent citizens. Any illegal activity that brings in big money the Mafia is part of. Union corruption has been the primary focus of many federal investigations and by the end of the 1980s, four unions, the Teamsters, Longshoremen, Laborers, and Hotel and Restaurant Employees union, had all been identified as mob dominated. Not only does the mob find money makers in the United States, they finds ways to bring money to them from other countries. Alien smuggling generates much than $3 billion a year for the mob. Mobsters will kill without remorse and threaten anyone who wont go along with what they are doing. To keep big from the arm of the law "corrupters nullify the law-enforcement and semi policy-making processes primarily by outright bribery and other rationally designed forms of influence such as contributions to political campaigns and promises to deliver votes in a particular area." One might think that corruption and bribery is not a problem, but one noted political analyst suggests that "the underworld" contributes 15 percent of the 3costs of loca l and state political campaigns which causes one to think that the mob may consent a strong hold on many powerful politicians. Mafia involvement with legitimate businesss affects the public in many ways. reputeable bankers have become unwitting allies to the Mafia and most of the securities stolen in the United States during the last two decades are lying safely in the vaults of respectable banks, hypothecated for legi... ...ol. 5. Boca Raton SIRS, 1997. Art. 29.McGarvey, Robert. " international Organized Crime." American Legion Feb. 1996 16. Crime. Ed. Trudy      Collins. Vol. 5. Boca Raton SIRS, 1997. Art. 64.McKillop, Peter. "The Last Godfathers?" Newsweek 6 Feb 1989 25.Mueller, Tom. "Cosa Nostra." The New Republic 15 Apr. 1996 17-18.Norland, Rob. "The Velcro Don Wiseguys finish last." Newsweek 13 Apr. 1992 34-35.Pistone, Joseph D., and Richard Woodley. "Undercover with the Mafia Respect Was the Watchword."       Palm Beach Post 10 Apr. 1988 1E. Crime. Ed. Trudy Collins. Vol. 4. Boca Raton SIRS, 1993.          Art. 8.Reid, Ed. The Grim Reapers. Chicago Henry Regnery Company, 1969. Reuter, Peter. "The decline of the American Mafia." Public Interest Summer 1995 89-99. Crime. Ed.     Trudy Collins. Vol. 5. Boca Raton SIRS, 1997. Art. 49.Viviano, Frank. "The New Mafia Order." bugger off Jones May-June 1995 45-54.Vulliamy, Ed. "Mafia INC." World Press Review Dec. 1992 11-16.

Burton Snowboards Essay

In what shipway does Burton Snowboards create utility for its different types of customers? Burton create utility for populate who would wish to enjoy a different type of bodily function in the snowing environment Form utility Burton took the idea of building the snowboard from snurfer which use to be received as a toy modify its concept to create a snowboard that can be perceived as a winter sport activity. Time utility Burtons snowboards products are available for people who enjoy snowboarding during the winter and snowing season which are suitable for snowboarding in ski mountains. Place utility Burton made conglutination with ski resorts to provide he snowboarding activity in ski mountains when the customers want to try different kind of winter sport. Ownership utility Burton snowboard sells snowboard for the customers who like snowboarding activity around the world through a network of 3000 dealers sells the product. How can event foodstuffing help Burton expand the cu stomer base for its products?Burton conducts event marketing to bring home the bacon people to try out the products for free this result give the people to have an actual experience of the product and the activity that stays in the peoples memory, also the old customers can be invited and can give testimonies for the people roughly the product this is a good way to deliver the inwardness about the product and increase the awareness as well. Burton runs about 400 demos around the word, these demos can maximize the audience involvement and interaction, so people telephone and recall the product later at the time of buying.Suggest additional ways Burton snowboards marketers can use the Internet to more effectively build relationships and market their products? Burton snowboard can use the email newsletters to communicate with the existent customer and interested customers as well. It helps to provide an update about the companys events and new products introduced. Customers will b e kept updated about the company occasionally about the latest news, announcements or promotions.Blog is a great tool to provide two ways communications with the customers and people that donation similar interests Burton can recruit bloggers to write blogs about the events and products or any articles about the industry, and let the people response to them and share their ideas and inquiries. Burtons can join famous social network such as Facebook and twitter and allow many fans to join them this will enable burtons to update their fans about the event, offers, products, services and discuss related matters between fans.Relationship marketing is key to Burtons success. Suggest two or three steps that the firm should be consider taking during the next five years to further enhance its relationships with the consumers and ski resorts? Burtons should take advantage of the best technology to easily keep line of business partners and customers preferences this will help to identify ke y sales processes and provide ideas about the marketing plans for the existent customers and partners.Burtons should invest in its employees, training them to develop their interpersonal skills to deal with practical details of customers and their ability to handle complains and problems in order to exceed customer expectations about the services quality presented. Burtons can provide both(prenominal) sort of loyalty program for the existent customers to reward and motivate them to deal more with the company this will enhance their relationship with the company and retain them at a lower cost of marketing.

Starbucks Corporate Analysis

Mr Smith Cutbacks is one of Americas true success stories and a wonder of todays corporate world. A brand cognise throughout the world, Cutbacks is a beacon for coffee lovers everywhere. The coffee house phenomenon that catched as a dream to come up with the best coffees, best customer improvement and best coffee experience any coffee lover would appreciate. Cutbacks started as a coffee roasting conjunction with a single store in Seattle Washington, and has come to be one of the most successful companies in the world serving millions.Since its inception in 1971, Cutbacks has been a model for what many aspire to yet often come up short. The following is a brief overview of the companys finances, including a comparative and dimension analysis to measure profitability and liquidity. on-line(prenominal) Ratio Current ratio Is a common financial ratio to measure the liquidity of a corporation. The short term ability Is measured, of a company to pay the maturing obligations, and we lcome unexpected need for cash (Skies, Kismet, , 2011). Current summations divide by certain liabilities is the current ratio dominion.Between working UAPITA and current assets, current assets is the more dependable formula (Skies, Kismet, , 2011). Two companies may have very similar working capital and yet have drastically different current ratios. For every dollar of the current ratio, depicts how some(prenominal) current assets, per that dollar the company has (Soles, Kismet, , 201 1 The negative fact of the current ratio is that It doesnt explain where the asset is. It can be a grand portion in inventory which is not the same as having a complete asset.A dollar in inventory does not pay as pronto as a dollar in ash. Cutbacks current assets are 1 1 ,516. 7 (In millions), and the liabilities is 7,034. 4 (Cutbacks, 2013). The current ratio is 1. 63, for every dollar the asset is 1. 63 for the corporation. Return on Assets This ratio Illustrates how effective management Is at generating profit from the companys assets. Return on assets is calculated by dividing net income over add up assets and multiplying that figure by 100. Net income and total assets data can be found on the balance sheet from a biblically traded companies ASK report.Return n assets when alter shows how many additional dollars the company assists generate. Cutbacks return on asset figure Is . 45673. Meaning each dollar in asset generates roughly $. 45 of Income In 2013. By this figure Cutbacks management did a Commonly referred to as return on net worth, this ratio illustrates profitability by how well a company extends the value of common declension holder investments. These increases are typically re-invested in the company or paid in dividends. To calculate ROE net income is divided by common share holder equity and multiplied by 100.Cutbacks ROE figure for 2013 is $1 . 17350. For each dollar invested by common stock holders Cutbacks generates Just over $1. 17. In 2012 the ROE ratio was a whopping $26. 59. A sharp drop in equity and an equally staggering increase in liabilities in 2013 lead to both profitability figures to be very low by historical and industry standards for Cutbacks. It would be safe to say that if these events occurred during the start up phase off business they likely would not survive. Inventory Turnover Inventory turnover is an important part of any business.This information illustrates how much capital the company has used in comparison to how much inventory it has sold. Company leaders use this information to make financial decisions. This concept is condensed by Jon Scribbled on Indistinguishableness. Com as The inventory turnover rate measures the number of times you have turned your inventory during the past 12 months (Scribbled, 2014). The formula for the turnover ratio is the cost of goods sold divided by the average inventory. The Cutbacks company leaders use this information as well.

The Rise of Hitler

The Nazi party first started after WWI when a classify of unemployed German men. They were known as The German Workers Party (GWP). Adolf Hitler joined the group in 1919 and quick rose to a high ranking leader. His rise to the top of the GWP was due to his powerful speeches. Despite the ability of his speaking he a great deal used it to promote national pride, militarism, and a racially pure Germany. After Hitlers rise to leadership he changed the name to The National Socialist German Workers which was referred to as The Nazi Party.Hitler tried to overthrow the government with the Nazi Party, but had no success. This leads up to his election as chancellor of Germany. While incarcerated, Hitler wrote a book called Mein Kampf, which established a foundation for the beliefs of the Nazi party. After its state-supportedation, Hitler could truly grow an army of supporters. According to the narrators of World at war After Hitlers release he quickly pursued a political campaign for chan cellor.This provided him with a chance to persuade much of the German public that they needed to condemn all Jews. He brought food and water to the poor, which help with the growth of The Nazi party and his supporters. According the text in A Teachers extend to The Holocaust Hitler also began create subgroups for specific Germans such as, children, women, doctors, etc. Hitlers attempt was also short lived because they lost the election.Years later after gaining more supports the Nazi Party prevailed and took over Germany due to Hindenburgs new Government. This allowed Hitler to carry out his plan to rid the world of all Jewish people. In 1938 Germany started to dispose Jews from most places. In 1942 the Germans decided it was time to take action start with their plan called the final solution which leads to the founding of concentration camps and the holocaust. The Germans quickly formed adherences with Italy, USSR, and Japan.Despite the alliance Japan created more problems for the Nazi party by attacking America without a declaration of war. After the attacks on Pearl Harbor America had formally joined the war against the Germans in WW2. Americas involvement created the Unfortunately Hitlers ambition drove him to commit treason against Russia, which was Germanys biggest ally at the time. Despite the Germany advantage of surprise they could not defeat the Soviets. America capitalized on Germanys mistake by forming a brief alliance with Russia.

The global financial system

The global financial system is experiencing banking and financial turmoil usually referred to as the identification romance that is said to be due to the pricking of a massive debt bubble, (Peston, 2009). There is no standard definition of the credit crunch however, a credit crunch is generally described as an frugal condition in which investment capital is difficult to obtain (Invetopedia 2009). Credit crunches give up been observed to follow recessions and do seriously stifle economic growth through decreased capital liquidity thereby reducing productive areas ability to borrow.When this situation arises, companies are not able to borrow in order to expand their operations and many may cease payoff altogether thereby resulting in bankruptcies. When such a situation arises, unemployment increases, homes are lost, banks close down and governments are forced to step in to contain the crisis, in most cases with limited success in the short run. This is not the first time that su ch a crisis has occurred. Records show that there was a crisis as archean as 1622 and between 18th and 20th sixty two banking and financial crashes have been experienced (Henley 2007).Among the chief credit crunches that besidesk place in the 20th blow are the Wall Street in the year 1929 and the Japanese financial turmoil in 1990s. Genesis of the crisis The genesis of the debt crisis is partly due to imprudent lending. An manifestation made by Liu (2008 p9), an individual with push through a job or reliable income and poor credit history gets a mortgage from a bank. That borrowers debt is partly sold to another bank that partly sells that debt to another bank that partly sells that debt to another bank perhaps a foreign bank. When the borrower fails to pay, all these banks get affected.In the force that many such borrowers are involved banks testament have a liquid crisis and will not be able to lend to needy customers thereby setting in motion a credit crunch. Britain as ex ample AS stated above, massive borrowing and reckless lending is viewed as the major(ip) cause of the credit crunch and the situation is made worse when the money is from foreign countries. For Britain, if one aggregates together the consumer, private and public-sector debt, ratio of Britains borrowings to her annual economic output is estimated at over 300%, roughly GBP 40000 bn Peston (2009 p1).Households borrowed too much GBP 1200bn on mortgages alone. Gross foreign current liabilities of Britain banks rose from GBP 1100 bn in 1997 to GBP 4400 bn 2008. That is three multiplication the size of Britains annual economic output. Most of this cash were the savings from foreign country banks notably China, other Asian countries and the Middle East that were apply to subvert foreign currency assets in Britain, but the British used this to buy. The savings that were used to buy assets in Britain were made the poorly paid workers in those countries. The tilting of the economic balance c ould not be sustained for ever.A return to equilibrium to a more balanced global economy had to come to pass at some point and this is currently what is happening with the western economies USA, Britain and others getting the pinch (Peston 2009) Credit crunch in the United States Zhou Xiaochuan, the governor of Chinese primordial Bank said, Over-consumption and a high reliance on credit is the main cause of the US financial crisis Peston (2009 p2). Up to 2007, borrowers were financed 100% of the procure price to buy assets without any serious scrutiny being done on the ability to pay.The New Times of 19 February 20, 2009 reported that the credit crunch in US started way back in late 1990s. At the beginning of 2000, there was a decline in the stock market that made the US to put down into recession. This prompted the Federal Reserve Bank to lower interest rates to stimulate the economic growth. Lower interest rates made mortgage payments cheaper and increased solicit for homes th at lead to the souring of prices. At the same time banks lowered the refinancing rates which consequently lowered the quality of the mortgage but kept on increase and finally led to the commencement of the defaults and delinquency in 2006.The financial institutions were not able to balance two things that were simultaneously happening that is the rise in the purchase of assets and the corresponding demand for credit prompting the introduction of securitization (Liu 2008 p4). This susceptibility could not be contained, even with the introduction of securitization, resulting inevitably into the bursting of the bubbles. The outcome was the falling of asset prices that precipitated losings to those who borrowed to buy houses and these include hedge funds, private equity finds, billionaires corporate raiders, banks and others.The debts started to increase and the need to sell these assets to offset debts drove the prices down resulting in merely losses. With banks not being paid, their resources were progressively depleted thereby halting 100% mortgage financing and other loans. This has the effect of driving prices further down that will lead to the contraction of the US economy as this vicious circle is bound to persist into the future. Business loans for the newly established companies that depend on credit are and will continue to be difficult to access (Tse, et al, 2008).In addition, closing major deals is not proving easy either. The economists predict that the tightening of the credit to drag on the US economy for quite sometime. Size of debt A number of governments are in the process of formulating various policies and measures to be undertaken so as to contain the invalidating economic and social impact of the credit crunch. To achieve this, and in order to set in a recovery mechanism, an estimate of the size of the debt has to be carried out and this is by no means straight forward.However, a rough calculation of the debt may be estimated by a jargon re ferred in financial circles, notably by Bank of England, as the customer funding gap (Peston 2009 p3) that is the difference what the US banks have lent and what they have borrowed from households, subscriber linees and institutions that are considered too small to be major players in global financial markets. Conclusion The credit crunch, also known as liquidity crisis or squeeze, is as a result of too much borrowing and lending to undeserving individual and institutions especially in the USA and Britain.This squeeze has constrained the banks ability to lend, scared away investors from buying debts thereby drying up money for borrowing. The liquidity crisis has reduced money available to spend by consumers and the business. The credit squeeze has triggered in serious ramifications for the USA economy, the developed economies and the full(a) globe in general. Works Cited Henley, J September 2007. Show us the Money The Guardian, September 19, 2007. Available at http//guardian. co. uk/money/2007/september/19/business accessed on 19 February 2009.Investopedia 2009 Investoprdia News and obligates available at http//www. investopedia. com/ask/answers/credit-crunch. asp accessed on19 February 2009. Liu, X (2008). CDO and the Credit Crunch Article presented at Xiamen University. Available at http//ifas. xmu. edu. cn/Article/uploadfiles/200810/200810091551131838 pdf accessed on 19 February 2009. Peston, R (2009). The New Capitalism BBC News. Available at http//www. bbc. co. uk/blogs/thereporters/robertpeston/16 12_09_news_capitalism. pdf , accessed on 20 February 2009.The New York Times of 19 February 2009. Available at http//topics. nytimes. com/topics/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/credit_crisis/index. html accessed on 19 February 2009. Creditcrunch. co. uk, The UK Forum p 1 Published by Credit Crunch. co. uk. Available at http//www. creditcrunch. co. uk/home/index. php accessed on 21 February 2009. Tse, T. M and Cho, D (2008), Credit Crunch in U. S. Upends Glo bal Markets, The Washington Post of 9 August 2008 available at http//www. washingtonpost. com/wp accessed on 20 February 2009.

Individualism versus Collectivism Essay

The concepts of individualism and collectivism apply to the description of societies and individuals within the society. Cultures vary in their levels of individualism/ collectivism while individuals within these specific cultures vary on the same dimension. Idiocentric and allocentric are constructs that are very important in disagreeentiating consistent variations of an individuals attitudes, beliefs, self-definition, normative behavior and self-definition. Individualism is termed as the persons level of idiocentric while collectivism is the persons level of allocentric (Udehn, 2001).Idiocentric individuals emphasize more on their own goals and needs over those of the group to which they belong. They are frequently independent and self-reliant. On the other hand, allocentric individuals tend to be more cooperative, interdependent and they also have a stronger desire to partner with others. In addition allocentric and idiocentric individuals differ in their source of intimacy and companionship to satisfy their several needs and to strengthen their self-esteem. For instance, idiocentric obtains their social stick up from peers and best friends while allocentrics obtain their social support from their parents.Individuals with allocentric tendencies have fewer daily but more in-depth discussions than individuals with idiocentric tendencies. People who express more allocentric or idiocentric tendencies vary in various ways. For instance, the people who tend to be more allocentric have good reliability and inter-correlation thus showing convergent validity. They are characterized with three main aspects which include individual to group goals, in-group as prolongation of the self and in-group identity. Individuals who are more idiocentric mainly use equity and need in distributing rewards.Individuals who are more allocentric mainly emphasize on the values of cooperation, integrity and honesty while individuals who are more idiocentric put frequently emphasis on values of comfortable life, competition, pleasure and social recognition. Persons who are allocentric receive much and better quality social support while those who are more idiocentric are usually higher in achievement motivation, alienation and greater loneliness. The deflection between collective and individualist cultures is mainly based on self.In collectivist cultures, the self is more linked to in-group memberships while in individualist cultures self-concept is obtained from separately groups which are based on the varying characteristics and contributions of the individual. In collectivists cultures, there is high adherence to the goals of the in-group and to in-group values and also the maintaining of in-group harmony (Lee & Kelly 1996). In individualistic societies, the aims and the goals of a limited individual are more important and less significance is attached to in-group harmony.Nevertheless, individualism is mainly based on Western cultures while collectivism is link up with Eastern cultures. Collectivistic cultures have lower rates of suicide, psychopathology and relatively higher marital satisfaction than individualistic cultures. I consider myself to be idiocentric. This is because I always concentrate on my own goals and achievement over those of the other people and I carry out my tasks independently. I normally display a different tendency towards the allocentric.For instance, in making purchase of luxury brands, I purchase goods for my own sake pleasures ad interests while the allocentric purchase the luxury brands simply with an aim of pursuance social recognition (McCarthy, 2005). As a result of these differences, conflict and misunderstanding emerges. This is because as a personally motivated consumer, I bequeath purchase the luxury brands for self-interests while on the other hand an allocentric individual who is socially motivated will make the purchase of luxury brands with an aim of seeking social recognition.

Chris Mccandless’ Death “Into the Wild” Essay

Many people wipe out come to the conclusion that Chris McCandless untimely death was a result of his arrogant nature or a possible psychological disorder. However, his death was caused by a simple mistake, his lack of geographical knowledge, and his desire to find himself. When Krakauers moving article in Outside magazine was published, copious amounts of hate mail was received regarding McCandless cause of death. Initially it was believed that he mistook two similar plants, the wild potato and the unhealthful wild sweet pea, then accidentally poisoned himself when consuming their seeds. Alaskan residents dubbed McCandless as ignorant and unprepared for purportedly confusing the similar plants. After further research Krakauer discovered that McCandless was poisoned by the wild potato plants seeds, which were non described as toxic in any published text.This ill-fated blunder does not show incompetence specific to McCandless, as most people would fuddle made the corresponding decisions. There have been scores of young men lacking common sense datum who wander out into the wilderness to attain meaning and do not return. Several of them, including John Waterman and Carl McCunn, were similar to Chris, but in pivotal ways their stories were deviating. John Waterman was severely traumatized and obviously mentally ill. Chris was neither of those things. Additionally, Chris was not expecting to be rescued after making a dim-witted mistake, like Carl McCunn. Krakauer stated that It is not unusual for a young man to be force to a pursuit considered reckless by his elders.Chris may have lacked some common sense, but conceited qualities did not contribute to his downfall. His drive to push himself noncurrent his limits contributed to his demise, not superciliousness. Perhaps the most tragic notion of McCandless death is how simply it could have been avoided. Unbeknownst to Chris, there were multiple cabins a few miles from the Fairbanks bus 142. from each one w as stocked with food and survival supplies. This knowledge could have easily prevented his death. Crossing the Teklanika River was one of the important factors that inhibited McCandless from leaving the wild.He was not aware that downstream in the vicinity of the bus there was a gorge that allowed safe transit a transversal the river. A gauging station was also close by. It would have allowed him to cross the river with ease since hunters had placed the basket on the bus-side of the river. It is overwhelming to imagine the extents to which McCandless suffered physically and mentally, when salvation was so near to him. A simple topographic map would have almost certainly saved his life. McCandless was not arrogant, a sociopath, or an idiot, like so many have stated.He may have lacked the common sense to buy a map, but was in no way incompetent. He also made some mistakes that anyone who was not a trained botanist would have made, and was like many young men in that he pushed himself to the extreme limits. Chris McCandless story is not unique because he ventured out into the unforgiving wild. It is captivating because McCandless gave up everything to find himself, even if he ended up being lost on the way.

Marketing Communication Strategies Essay

This calendar weeks discussion focuses on integrated marketing communications. Companies use various promotional tools in order to design successful integrated marketing communication strategies. Please respond to all of the following prompts in the class discussion section of your online head for the hills rationalise how the promotional tools utilize by an airline would differ if the target audience were (a) consumers who travel for pleasure, or (b) corporate travel departments that select the airlines to be used by company employees. InstructionsThe minimum expectation for class discussions is to respond right off to each part of the discussion prompt and to respond to at least two other posts, either by a student or instructor, by the end of the week 1. Submit one main post responding directly to each part of the discussion prompt. This should be a substantive response to the topic(s) in your own words, referencing what you have discovered in your required reading and othe r learning activities. 2. Reply to at least two posts. Responses can be made to students or to your instructor. 3.Responses to other individuals posts should Expand on their ideas Discuss the differences between your thoughts and theirs Explain why you agree or disagree To post your main response to this topic, click the blue Respond button below. To respond to a classmate or your instructor, click the blue Respond button below his/her post. Respond This section lists options that can be used to view responses. Collapse All Print gaze Show Options Responses Responses are listed below in the following order response, author and the date and time the response is posted. phase by Read/Unread Sort by Response Sorted Ascending, click to sort descending Sort by Author Sort by Date/Time* Collapse retick as Unread Week Nine Instructor operation 3/9/2014 123143 AM Hello Everyone, Welcome to week nine of class. Hold on Not much longer now We are almost there, after this week will only have triplet weeks left. Congratulations on making it this far in the course, you have done an exceptional job thus far. I look forward to the next fewer weeks of class, which will of course go by way to fast for me.I like that most everyone is taking me up on my offer to make up missing work or make corrections on work and resubmitting the assignments. Keep all of the work coming my way and keep focusing on your goals. This week we will work on integrated marketing communications. This is where companies use various promotional tools in order to design successful integrated marketing communication strategies. It will be another fun week and I look forward to hearing your ideas on this subject. If you have any questions, issues, complaints or take up any help please let me know.

Europe and the New World: New Encounters

Europe and the World saucy Encounters, 1500-1800 On the Brink of a invigorated World ? By the 16th century, the Atlantic seaboard had become the center of a m angiotensin-converting enzymeymaking(prenominal) activity that raised Portugal and Spain and by and by the Dutch Republic, Eng bestow, and France to prominence ? the age of expansion was a crucial factor in the European conversion from the agrarian rescue of the MA to a commercial and industrial capitalistic system. The Motives ? Contact w/non-Europeans remained hold until the end of the 15th century Fantastic Lands ?Europeans had always been curious somewhat lands outside of Europe economic Motives Although Muslim control of Central Asia cut Europe off from the countries farther atomic number 99, the Mongol conquests in the thirteenthc reopened the doors ? Marco Polo went to the hail of Kublai Kahn in 1271 ? His account of his experiences, the Travels was the most informative of all descriptions of Asia by ME travel ers ? In the 14th, the conquests of the Ottoman Turks and hence the licentiousness of the Mongol imperium reduced westwardern traffic to the East ? A number of pack became evoke in reaching Asia by sea ? Merchants, adventurers, and g all overnment officials had high hopes of finding precious metals and naked as a jaybird areas of shell out Religious zeal A crusading mentality was strong in Portugal and Spain The Mean ?The expansion of Europe was machine-accessible to the growth of centralized monarchies during the Ren. ? Ren. Expansion was a enunciate enterprise ? By the 2nd ? of the 15th century, European monarchies had increased both their authority and their resources and were in a position to look beyond their borders Maps ? Europeans had achieved a take of wealth and technology that enab lead them to make a regular series of voyages beyond Europe. ? Potlolani charts make by knightly navigators and mathematicians in the 13th and 14th which were more useful than th eir predecessors.They as well ask no account for the curvature of the earth so were of little use for oversea voyages ? By the end of the 15thcentury, cartography had developed to the point that Europeans had accurate maps of the bear of the cognise existence ? One of the most im interfaceant world maps avail fitted was that of Ptolemy, who wrote Geography. It was available from 1477 on. It drastically under(a)estimated the tour of the earth, leading explorers such as Columbus to believe that he could sail to Asia Ships and sailing ? Europeans developed seaworthy ships as well as new navigational techniques ?They mastered the axial rudder and learned to combine lateen sail sails with a square rig. They could then construct ships mobile enough to sail against the wind and engage in ocean warfare and heavy enough to carry goods over long distances ? Only w/the assistant of the compass and the astrolabe they were able to sail w/confidence ? They gained knowledge of the wind pr ecedents of the Atlantic Ocean New Horizons Portuguese and Spanish Empires ? Portugal took the lead in the European AOE when it began to explore the margeof Africa under the sponsorship of Henry the Navigator. ? His motivations were a flow of seeking a Ch.Kingdom as an ally for against the Muslims, acquiring apportion opportunities, and extending chr. The Development of a Portuguese ocean Empire ? In 1419, p. Henry constituteed a school for navigation. Shortly after, P. fleets probed southward along the western hemisphere coast of Africa looking for gold ? In 1441, p. ships reached the Senegal River and brought back slaves ? they gradually went down the coast and in 1471 they discovered a new source of gold along the southern coast of the hump of West Africathe Gold gliding ? They leased land from local anesthetic rulers and built stone forts along the coastThe Portuguese in India In 1488, Bartholomeu Dias was the initiatory to round the Cape of Good Hope ? 10 years later, Va sco da Gama rounded the cape then stopped at several ports controlled by Muslim merchants. They then crossed the Arabian Sea and reached the port of Calicut in India ? p. fleets returned regularly, seeking to destroy Arabic shipping and establish a monopoly in the spice dispense ? in 1509, a p. armada defeated a combine fleet of Turkish and Indian ships and began to impose a blockade on the entrance to the Red Sea to cut off the flow of spices to Egypt and the Ottoman Empire ?Goa became the headquarters for p. operations throughout the entire region ? The p. conducted raids against Arab shippers In Search of Spices ? In 1511, Albuquerque sailed into the harbor of malacca on the Malay peninsula ? He thought it would help destroy the Arab spice softwood and provide the pw/a way station on the pathway to the Moluccas, aka the Spice Islands ? Their move takeover of the area resulted in a struggle b/w the p and ms ? From Malacca, the p launched expeditions further east, to China an d the SI ? on that point they signed a treaty w/local rulers for flip-flop Within a a few(prenominal) years, the p seized control of the spice make out from ms and got profits for the p monarchy ?The p conglomerate remained limited b/c they lacked the authority, population, and desire to colonize Asian regions ? Their success was mainly due to guns and seamanship Voyages to the New World ? the sp attempted to reach the same desti democracy by sailing across the Atlantic. Their resources enabled them to establish a bigger empire than the p The Voyages of Columbus ? He felt that Asia could be reached by sailing west instead of east New Voyages John Cabot explored the New England coastline under a license from Henry VIII. Pedro Cabral set up South the States on accident in 1500. Amerigo Vespucci wrote letters describing the NW ? The initiatory 2 decades of the 16thc witnessed oversea voyages that explored the eastern coasts of NA and SA ?Vasco Nunez be Balboa led an expedition across the Isthmus of Panama and reached the PO in 1513 ? Ferdinand powder magazineellan went or so the world in 1519 ? The sp were interested in the NW b/c the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas had divided the NW into snap off p and sp spheres of influence and most of SA fell into the sp sphere. The route east around the COGH was p while the route across the Atlantic belonged to s The Spanish Empire in the New World ? Conquistadors individuals motivated by a blend of glory, greed, and ghostlike crusading zeal. Although authorized by the Castilian crown the groups were financed and outfitted privately. Their superior weapons, organizational skills, and decision brought them incredible success. They also benefited from bookings b/w the native people and diseases. Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire ? In 1519, a S expedition under the command of Hernan Cortes landed at Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico.He marched to the urban center of Tenochtitlan, making alliances w/ urban center stat es that had tired of Aztec rule. ? Especially important was Tlaxcala, a state that the Aztecs had been unable to conquer. ? When Cortes arrived at T he received a friendly welcome from Moctezuma who believed that he represented the god Quetzalcoatl ? They took M hostage and pillaged the city ? in the fall of 1520 the local population revolted against C and drove the invaders from their city ? Shortly afterward the Aztecs suffered from many E diseases from which they had no immunity. The S then destroyed pyramids, temples, and palaces. B/w 1531 and1550, the S gained control of northern Mexico Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire ? In 1530, Francisco Pizarro landed on the PC of SA w/steel, gunpowder, and horses ?Soon, dispiritedpox was scourge villages, killing the Incan emperor and leaving a disagreement over who would take his place, leading to civil war ? P and his soldiers marched on Cuzco and captured the Incan capital. By1535, P established a capital at Lima for a new colony A dministration of the Spanish Empire Whereas the conquistadors made decisions based on expediency and their own interests, Queen Isabella declared the natives subjects of Castile and instituted the S encomienda, a system that permitted the subjection s to collect tribute from the natives and use them as laborers. In return, they were supposed to protect the I, pay them wages, and handle their spiritual needs. ? S settlers brutally used the I to pursue their own economic interests. They worked on orchards and in mines ? the I suffered from many European diseases ? Dominican friars protested against the harsh I treatment ?In 1510 Anton Montecino spoke against it. In 1542, largely in response to the publications of Bartolome de las Casas, the government abolished the encomienda system and provided more protection for the I ? In the NW, the S developed an administrative system based on viceroys. ? S possessions were divided into 2 major units New Spain (Mexico, Central America, and t he Caribbean) w/a center in Mexico city, and Peru(western South America) governed by a viceroy in Lima ? Each viceroy served as the kings chief civil and army officeholder and was aided by advisory groups called audiencias, which also functioned as judicial bodies.By papal agreement, the Catholic monarchs of S were give extensive rights over ecclesiastical affairs in the NW. They could appoint bishops and clergy, build churches, collect fees, and supervise religious orders ? Missionaries fanned out across the SE where they converted hundreds of thousands ? The mass conversions brought the institutions of the CC to the NW New Rivals on the World Stage ? In the seventeenth century, northern E countries1st the Dutch and then the French and Britishmoved to replace the P and S and create their own colonial empires ?The new rival soon had an pretend on the rest of the world. Africa The Slave parcel out ? The P built forts the east and west coasts of Africa and tried to dominate the t rade in gold. However, during the mid 17thc the D seized and number of P forts along the WA coast and took control over much of the P trade across the Indian Ocean ? The Dutch East India Company, a affair company established under government sponsorship, also set up in Africa at the COGH which soon became a permanent colony ?European explorations of the A coastline did not chance on most people on the interior Growth of the Slave handle Over the succeeding(a) 2c, the slave trade grew drastically and became part of the triangular trade connecting E, A, and Am ? The journey of slaves from A to Am became known as the philia Passage ? At 1st, local slave traders procureed their ply from regions nearby, but as motivation increased, they had to move further inland ? In a few cases, local rulers became concerned about the impact of the slave trade on their societies ? Protests from A were generally ignored by everyone ? As a rule, local rulers viewed the slave trade as a source of income and some sent raiders to unsuspecting villagesEffects of the Slave Trade ? The importation of cheap manufactured goods from E undermined local cottage sedulousness and forced families into poverty ? take to depletion in some areas and deprived many African communities of their youngest and strongest ? the need to maintain a constant submit of slaves led to increased warfare and violence as A chiefs increased their raids on neighboring people The West in Southeast Asia ? P efforts to dominate trade in SEA were never solely successful. P lacked the numbers and wealth to overcome local resistance and colonize local regions.P empire was too large and P too small to maintain it ? S established itself in SEA when Mag landed in the PHL, enabling the S to gain control there and it became a base of trade for luxury goods ? The biggest threat to P came w/the arrival of the D and E, who were better financed ? the shift in power began in the early on 17thc when the D seized a P fort in the Moluccas and then gradually pushed the P out of the spice trade, then the E later ? The D also began to consolidate their political and host control over the area.By the end of the 18thc, the D had succeeded in bringing almost the entire Indonesian archipelago under their control ? The arrival of the E had less impact on mainland SEA, where strong monarchies in Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam resisted foreign encroachment. ? To obtain economic advantages, the E became involved in factional disputes, though in general the states united and drove the E out ? In Vietnam, the arrival of Western merchants coincided w/a period of internal conflict among persuasion groups in the country. Expansion had brought a civil war that temporarily divided the country into 2 break away states.The E powers began to take sides in local politics, w/the P and D supporting rival factions. ? the mainland states in Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam had begun to define themselves as distinct political ent ities. The Malay states had less cohesion and were victims of their own resources. The French and British in India The Mughal Empire ? Baburs grandson brought Mughal rule to most of India, creating the large(p)estIndian empire since the Mauryan dynasty The Impact of the Western Powers ? At 1st , P dominated regional trade in the Indian Ocean, but at the end of the16thc, the B and D arrived on the scene.Soon both powers were competing w/Pand w/each other ? During the 1st ? of the 17th century, the B presence in India steadily increased. By1650, B handicraft posts had been established at Surat, Fort William, near the call for of Bengal, and Madras on the southern coast. ? B success attracted rivals, including the D and F, but the B were saved by Sir. Robert Clive, who finally became the chief representative of the East India Company in India. They were also aided by the refusal of the F government to provide finances to their people in India ?After defeating a Mughal army in 1757 at the conflict of Plassey, the BEIC received the authority to collect taxes from lands surrounding Calcutta. During the seven years war, the B forced the F to involve completely from India ? This marks a major step in the gradual transfer of the entire Indian subcontinent to the BEIC and later to the B as a colony China Western Inroads ? Although China was at the bill of its power and glory in the mid 18thc, the 1st signs of internal decay in the Manchu dynasty were beginning to appear.Qing military campaigns along the frontier cost money and placed heavy demands on the treasury. At the same time, exploitation pressure on the land b/c of population growth led to economic ill and rebellion. ? the decline in the QD occurred just as E was increasing pressure for more trade. The 1st conflict came from the north, where Russian traders sought skins and furs ? To limit contacts b/w E and C, the Q government confined all E traders to a small island outside the city walls of Canton and allowed them to stay still part of the year ?In 1793, a B mission led by Lord Macartney visited Beijing to press for liberalization from trade restrictions, but emperor Qianlong expressed no interest in B products Japan Opening to the West ? P traders had landed on the islands of J in 1543, and began stopping there on a regular basis to take part in trade b/w J, C, and SEAII. They were initially welcomed, the success of Cath missionaries however, created a strong reaction against the presence of Westerners ? When the missionaries interfered w/local politics, Tokugawa Ieyasu expelled all missionaries and J Chris were now prosecuted.The E merchants were next to go, the government closed 2 major trading post sand only a small D community was allowed to remain The Americas ? In the 16thc, S and P had established large colonial empires in the As. P continued to profit from Brazil and S had a SA empire, but S importance as a commercial power declined rapidly in the 17thc b/c of a drop i n the output of the silver mines and poverty of the S monarchy ? By the beginning of the 17thc, P and S found themselves w/new challenges to their A empires from the D, B, and F West Indies The B held Barbados, Jamaica, and Bermuda, and the F had Saint Domingue, Martinique, and Guadeloupe. Both developed plantation economies worked by slaves which made cotton, tobacco, coffee, and sugar British North America ? The D were among the 1st to establish settlements on the NA continent after Henry Hudson discovered in 1609 the Hudson river. A. W/I a few years the D had established the mainland colony of New Netherland B. In the 2nd ? of the 17th century, competition from the E and F and years of warfare w/those rivals led to the decline of the D commercial empire. C.In 1664, the E seized the colony of NN and renamed it NY, shortly afterward the DWIC went bankrupt ? The E had begun to establish their own colonies in NA. The desire to practice religion, combined w/economic interests, led to colonization ? Both the NA and WI colonies of B were assigned roles in property w/mercantilist theory. They provided raw materials for their mother country while buying good from the latter. Navigation acts regulated what could be taken from and sold to colonies French North America ? In 1534 Jacques Cartier discovered the Saint Lawrence River and laid select to Canada as a F possession ?It wasnt until Samuel de Champlain established a settlement at Quebecin 1608 that F began to take interest in Canada as a colony ? In 1663 Canada was made the property of the F crown and administered by a F governor like a F province ? It was agitate like a vast trading area. The F state could not its people to emigrate there so the population stayed small. They also allowed their Continental wars to take precedence over the conquest of the NA continent. ? In 1713 in the Treaty of Utrecht, the F began to cede some of their A possessions to the E ?The decline of S and P led those 2 states to depen d even more on their colonies, and they imposed strict mercantilist rules to keep others out. ? S tried to limit trade w/its colonies to S ships Toward A World Economy ? During the High Middle Ages, E had engaged in a commercial vicissitude that created new opportunities for townspeople in a basically agrarian economy ? The beginning of E discovery of the world outside in the 15thc led to an even greater burst of commercial activity and the inception of a world market economical Conditions in the 16th Century Inflation was a major problem in the 16th and early 17th century ? This wrong revolution was a E wide phenomenon, although different areas were affected at different times ? Food was most subject to terms increases, especially evident in the price of wheat ? Wages failed to keep up with price increases. Wage earners, especially agricultural laborers and salaried workers in urban areas saw their standard of living drop ? Commercial and industrial entrepreneurs also benefited from the price revolution because of rising prices, expanding markets, and cheap labor costs ?Governments borrows heavily from bankers and imposed new tax burdens on their subjects, very much stirring additional discontent The Growth of Commercial Capitalism ? The E trade of the 16thc revolved around the Med in the south, the Low Countries and the Baltic region in the north, and central E, whose inland trade depended on the Rhine and Danube rivers ? As overseas trade expanded, the Atlantic seaboard began to play a more important role, linking the Med, Baltic, and CE trading areas together and making E a more integrated market that was more vulnerable to price shifts ?W/cheaper and faster ships, the D came to monopolize both E and world trade, although they were challenged by the E and F in the 16thc ? The commercial expansion of the 16th and 17th century was made easier by new forms of commercial organization, especially the joint-stock company ? Individuals bought shares in a com pany and received dividends on their investment while a board of directors ran the company and made business decisions ? Made it easier to raise large amounts of capital for world trading ventures ?Enormous profits were also being made in shipbuilding and in mining and metal lurgy, where technological innovations, such as the use of pumps and new methods of extracting metals from ores proved highly successful ? The mining industry was closely tied to family banking firms. In exchange for arranging large loans for Charles V, Jacob Fugger was given a monopoly over silver, copper, and mercury mines in the Habsburg possessions of CE ? These close relationships b/w governments and entrepreneurs could lead to success but also be precariouspicpic ?The House of Fugger went bankrupt at the end of the 16thc when the Habsburg defaulted on their loans ? By the 17thc, the traditional family banking firms were no longer able to supply the numerous services needed for the commercial capitalism of the 17thc ? the city of capital of The Netherlands created the Bank of Amsterdam in 1609 as both a deposit and a transfer institution and the Amsterdam Bourse, where the trading of stocks replaced the exchange of goods ? Most of the E economy still depended on an agricultural system that had changed little since the 13th century ?In eastern E, the peasants position even worsened as they were increasingly tied to the land in a new serfdom enforced by powerful land owners mercantilism ? Mercantilism the name historians use to identify a set of economic tendencies that came to dominate economic practices in the 17th century ? one of its fundamentals was a belief that the total great deal of trade was unchangeable. Since one nation could expand its trade only at the expense of others, to mercantilists economic activity was war carried on by peaceful means ?According to mercantilists, the prosperity of a nation depended on a plentiful supply of bullion (gold and silver). For this rea son, it was desirable to achieve a favorable balance of trade in which goods exportinged were of greater order than those imported, promoting an influx of gold and silver payments that would increase the currency of bullion ? They believed that governments should stimulate and protect export industries and trade by granting trade monopolies, encouraging investment in new industries through subsidies, importing foreign artisans, and up transportation systems.By placing high tariffs on foreign goods, they could be kept out of the country and prevented from competing w/ interior(prenominal) industry ? colonies were deemed valuable sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods ? Mercantilism focused on the role of the state, believing that state intervention in some aspects of the economy were desirable for national good. Government regulations to ensure the superiority of export goods, the construction of roads and canals, and the granting of subsidies to create trade compa nies were all predicated to government involvement in economic affairsOverseas Trade and Colonies Movement toward Globalization ? W/the development of colonies and trading posts in the Am and the East, Embarked on an adventure in international commerce of the 17th century ? What made transoceanic trade rewarding was not the volume but the value of its goods ? Trade w/i E remained strong throughout the 18thc as wheat, timber, and naval stores from the Baltic, wines from F, wool and fruit from S, and silk from Italy were exchanged ? picpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicHowever, this trade increased only slightly as overseas trade boomed.From 1716 to 1789, total F exports quadrupled The Impact of European Expansion ? By the end of the 18thc, it appeared that GB would become the great E imperial power The Conquered ? The NA civilizations were virtually destroyed. Ancient social and political structures were ripped up and replaced by E institutions, religion, language, and culture ? In Africa, E i nvolvement in the slave trade led to devastating effects, especially in coastal areas ? P trading posts in the east had little impact on native Asian civilizations, although D control of the Indonesian archipelago was more pervasive ?In C and SA, a ew civilization arose called Latin Am ? It was a multiracial societyAfricans, natives, and E. It had less rigid attitudes about race ? E brought horses and cattle to the Americas. Horses revolutionized the life of the Plains Indians. The two civilizations also exchanged plants Catholic Missionaries ? S and P rulers were determined to Chr the native people ? this policy gave the CC and important role to play in the NW, one that added to church power ? Chr missionaries also went to China, the Jesuits were the most active ? they tried to point out the similarities b/w Chr and Confucian ethics ?Several hundred C officials became Catholics, but the Chr effort was ultimately undermined by squabbling w/i religious orders ? Soon Chinese authoriti es began to suppress Chr ideas throughout China ? They also went to Japan, where they converted some nobles ? the Jesuit practice of destroying idols and shrines and turning temples into Chr schools or churches caused a severe reaction ? The government enjoin the execution of nine missionaries and a number of J converts. They were all eventually persecuted. The Conquerors ? Many E women found new opportunities for marriage in the NW b/c of the lack of women.A number of women also found themselves rich after their husbands were killed unexpectedly. ? When the mines at Potosi in Peru were opened in 1545, the value of precious metals imported into E quadrupled ? The 185,000 pounds of gold that entered the port of Seville set off a price revolution that affected the S economy ? Columbian Exchange- the reciprocal importation and exportation of plant sand animals b/w E and the Am ? E expansion, which was in part a product of E rivalries, deepened those rivalries and increased tension amo ng E states ? sulfurous conflicts arose over the cargoes coming from the NW and Asia.The Anglo-D trade wars and the B-F rivalry over India and Nam became part of a new pattern of worldwide warfare in the 18thc. Rivalry also led to state-sponsored piracy ? E came to have a new view of the world. They created better maps and new techniques, one of which was the Mercator projection, which tried to show the true shapes of landmasses, but only in a limited area ? E were initially startled by the discovery of new people. There were differing opinions, but most felt that the natives should be converted. Their relatively easy success in predominate native people enforced their feelings of superiority Top of Form

Internet Security Breaches

The world has been undergoing persistent transformation which well-nigh grant been attributed to the ever-changing developments in science and technology. In particular, entropy and communication technology is unrivalled of the most celebrated developments. Indeed, information technology has changed the lives of people across the globe. Information technology has reduced the world to a global crossroads by fostering advanced communicationforms. However, with the advancements in information technology, especially the network, in auspices issues have emerged.In guarantor issues have, in turn, sparked outlying(prenominal) r all(prenominal)ing implications to the phthisisrs. The most rampant gage breaches that have been evidenced within the last six months include cyber hector, engagement ravishment, cyber fraud, virus launching and info breaches. Cyber Fraud Cyber fraud net be defined as the use of softw ar or profit serve to defraud victims or taking advantage of them . This includes stealth information that is considered somebodyal, in what pee-pees identity theft. One of the most common forms of internet fraud entails distributing rogue security packet.Internet technology has created the allowance for criminals to carry out dishonest transactions, as sound as transmit the restoration of the frauds to different institutions. Cyber frauds occur in message boards, websites, emails and even chat rooms (Messner, 2012). Purchase fraud is an practice session of cyber fraud and occurs when a perpetrator proposes a business transaction to a merchant, only to use fraudulent mechanisms, much(prenominal) as a fake or stolen credit card, to pay for it. The eventuality is that the merchant does not receive the payment and may even be charged back for accepting credit cards.Another fount of fraud is whereby theperpetrators post information about goods that they intend to sell. Interested buyers ar asked to make payments for the purchase and bring ing of the goods. However, it later turns out that the goods were non-existent and they had only been conned. The third example of cyber fraud is phishing, which is the act of masquerading as a person that wad be trusted, such as bank agents or consultants, to acquire information that is sensitive, such as details of credit cards and passwords, among other details that victims may be convinced to sh are.Subsequently, the information supported is apply for fraudulent transactions. It is argued that cyber frauds makeheadlines each day. In October 2012, Barners & Noble Inc. made announcements that several PIN keypads had been hacked in as umteen as its 63 outlets, leaking the card information and PIN numbers of its customers. Easy Solution is one of the companies with evolving techniques of hold cyber frauds. The lodge claims to be the only one that is well fixed to curb discordant forms of electronic fraud, clouds and premises.The connection has introduced an updated version of the get a line Monitoring Services, which entails timely fraud protection, enhanced observe capabilities and enhanced fraud protection. Detect Monitoring Service software effectively monitors the behaviors and patterns associated with phishing scams. Thus, it stops the threats before they cause damage. The software comprises of a relatively simple interface that can effectively function for all forms of clouds and even premises. It is argued that of over 800, 000 phishing attacks, the service enabled the union to detect as many as 76% on timely basis, exhibiting 3.6 hours of average deactivation time. Online transactions services have been particularly affected by cyber frauds.More often than not, customers often get cautious when asked to produce personal information. Online transaction service providers have only resorted to instilling confidence in the customers as a way of encouraging them. This entails displaying policies, security badges and trust certificates, as wel l as the contact information. Online retailers should highlight security around the websites secured areas to assure customers that their confidential information is safe.This should be done, regardless of whether some browsers have security indicators create in them. Some online retailing companies, such as Amazon, display this through the use of the sign-in button. Others opt to use padlock symbols that are located in the sign-in areas. This is advisable, even when it is not needed by the customers. Online retailing companies are advised to give alternative contact options. Indeed, some companies are offering customer care take over by using call backs, e-mails, and chats to enable users report suspicious activities.Data breachesData breaches includeall those cyber activities characterized by unauthorized ingress, use and divine revelation of individuals or organization information over or from the internet. Malicious attacks are considered to constitute the most dearly-won e ntropy breach, yet they are increasing. Malicious attacks account for as significant as 40% of the data breaches where negligence account for about 32% (In Defense of Data, 2013)Computer software companies, healthcare records and companies have been the most targeted and have accounted for as significant as 93% of the global data breaches (In Defense of Data, 2013). intercommunicate security is a necessary for every attach to. A companys entanglement cannot be said to be effective if it consists of security lapses. Threats to companys cyberspace can be considered as a subject of unhomogeneous activities. However, precedent employees who leave the company due to downsizing can be considered as a significant threat. Other activities such as a daily courier dropping packages at the companys premises, employees travelling on company business to other cities, or building heed company installing a fire fire extinguisher system in companys premises are not a serious threat.It can be argued that individuals with the potential of hacking, sabotaging and damaging systems are those with familiarity to nature and form of network system. Therefore, an employee that left the company has the faculty of hacking the companys network since they are familiar about the loopholes in the companys network system. What increases the possibility of hacking is,if the employees left the company due to retrenchment, the attempts of network hacking could be fueled by the whims of revenge.It is argued that all former employees that worked in the company, accessing sensitive data bases and financial documents pose a threat to the companys security. The item that information technology does not respond to the altering of access points act as a provide factor. Therefore, a person with information about the companys network system has the potential of cause more harm than a hacker. According to the 2005 CERT survey, a significant number of former employees are increasingly utilizing the opportunity.The survey indicates that about 59% of the security intrusion is done by former companys contractors48% of those involved in hacking had been sacked38% had left the company due to downsizing speckle 7% had been retrenched. The survey also notes that former IT professionals are particularly a significant threat to data security(Hazelden Foundation, 2012). Data breaches caused by negligence could be resolved by heading the factors associated with negligence. On the other hand, data breaches caused by malicious software could be prevented by using appropriate network intrusion, detection techniques and anti-spyware software.Technological mechanisms would include modify and altering passwords for security purposes. Network intrusion/ Hacking Network intrusion or hacking refers to the unauthorized entry into a network, often characterized by malicious ambition of intercepting information from the network or website. The information can be used for other criminal activ ities such as fraud or espionage. Telvent Company hacking is considered as one of the recent hacking events that occurred in September 2012.The company has learned that its firewall and security systems have been compromised by the attackers who installed malicious software that enabled them steal project files. Telvent, a company whose services and software are applied in monitor energy industry reported that it has been hacked which affected its operation in linked States, Spain and Canada. The incident was blamed on Chinese hacking groups opposed to Western interests (Thiel, 2012). Lately, US officials have blamed Russia and China for staging intrusion attacks against United States for espionage, economic gains and other selfish motives.In November 2012, Leon Panetta, the US Secretary of Defense, had warned that United States was about to experience a cyber-attack comparable to Pearl Harbor, blaming hacking incidents that had been linked to the Middle East and United States Oil producers (Messner, 2012). The technological intervention to network intrusion is the development of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). IDSs refer to practise of device or software that aims at monitoring either networks or activities of systems against activities that are either malicious or that violate policies in place.Types of IDSs include Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) and Hot-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS). Network Intrusion Detection System is considered as one of the most popular approaches. Network Intrusion Detection System refers to a system that is knowing to detect activities that are considered malicious such as service denial attacks, port scans, as well as cracking into computers via Network Security Monitoring. NID senses the packets coming through the network and scans them in order to discover patterns that are suspected to be malicious.Such patterns can be referred to as rules or signatures. Not only NIDSis express to scanning of the network commerce that jazzs into the system but, one can also find a bent of important information concerning network intrusion from both local traffic and outgoing networks. More so, through NIDS, it is possible to stage attacks from the inside the network under monitoring and even a segment of the network. In this regard, such attacks are not in any way considered as incoming traffic. Usually, other various systems are incorporated to function with NIDS.The other network systems could, for instance, deal with updating the blacklists of firewalls using IP address of the computers under the use of real or suspected network crackers. NIDS consist of documentation (DISA) that utilizes NID as a terminology with a target of distinguishing IDS that are internal from external. Just like any other IDS, NIDS comprises sensors and management console as its essential components. While management console deals with management and reporting, sensors deal with monitoring of networks. NIDS sen ses network intrusions through examination of network traffic.The system has the capability of monitoring multiple hosts. Usually, the access to the network traffic is gained through connection to a hub of networks, port-mirroring configured networks or even through the network taps. The NIDS sensors are fit(p) at checkpoints of networks under monitoring. This are more often than not located in demilitarized areas or at the boarders of the network so as to increase effectiveness. All the network traffic is captured by the sensors before each of the packets contents are eventually analyzed for malicious network traffic.There are various examples of NIDS such as commercial products (such as ISS Realsecure, NFR Network Intrusion Detection System, Sourcefire and Computer Associates e Trust IDS) and freeware products (such as Ethereal, tinkers dam and Tcpdump). Snort is the most common of all. NIDS should be considered as the most appropriate for organization securitybecause it ensures the greatest shock on the security of the network, takes shorter time to deploy compared to HIDS, yet it is relatively cheaper.Additionally, as long as it is placed on the outside of firewall or demilitarized zones to ensure for effectiveness, NIDS is capable of monitoring all forms of internet traffic and relays flying feedback on the nature of network security. NIDS is very important to the general internet security. But particularly concerning the network security, NIDS is farther important to organizations in the spare-time activity ways first, NIDS has the capability of detecting attacks that HIDS cannot, for instance, fort scan and denial-of-service.Second, NIDS rapidly detects and alerts on incidents of intrusion to avert maximum damage. This is particularly suited t o the demilitarized zones, considering the fact that internet providers usually situated at the zones are major computer attack targets. Third, NIDS is capable of reporting lucky as well as unsuccessful atta cks which is particularly essential as it offers a chance to split understand the network and hence, a key to network security enhancement. Fourth, NIDS equips organizations with knowledge regarding the environment of their network.Fifth, but for application of NIDS, it is difficult to identify network hacking. Lastly, NIDS is very important for organizations forensic evidence tool (Thiel, 2007). In this regard, it is not easy to tamper with the evidence unless the aggressors interfered with IDS. Launching worms Launching worms is a cybercrime that involves development of worms, also referred to as viruses, wherefore releasing them on the internet domains. The worms slow down the internet connectivity or infect computers to stop them from function effectively.In 2000, FBI suspected incidents of cybercrimes being committed by the Russian citizens namely Alexey Ivanov and VasiliyGorshkov. It sought to track the suspected cyber criminals, luring them to come to United States with a ruse of a job promise (Quinlan, 2012). Activities of concocting worms and launching them on the internet are illegal in some parts of the world. As such, a person found to engage in cybercrime activities that spreads worms is likely to be prosecuted in various courts of countries affected by the worms. In some cases, the prosecution can be consecutive.However, in practice, few countries are in the position of claiming jurisdictions partly because some assume other countries would have incurred serious damages to consider it a priority to prosecute. These reflect how tricky dealing with cybercrimes across the borders is. Certain actions that are done on the internet may be legal in countries where they are initiated, but illegal in other countries that have access to the internet content. There are various recent incidents that entail virus launching. In October 2012, reports were made that FBI was to shut down a DNS as a way of containing viruses.Users were required to check their c omputers for virus and clean them before they could be allowed to access. These steps had been taken following the launching of the internet infestation by the DNS changer virus. The virus had cost the world billions of dollars (Quinlan, 2012). There are various technological approaches to worm problems. The most common approach is through installing anti-virus software. The antivirus software could be installed remotely on the computers, creating the allowance for all the information that streams in to be scanned for viruses.Malicious files and viruses are either occlude or repaired. Anti-virus could also be installed on the internet to scan the information that is sent over it. Websites, such as Google, are now offering such services. There are various antivirus software products on the market, including Avira, Norton and Kaspersky, which are effective in detecting and blocking malware (Nnap, 2011). Cyber deterrence Cyber blustery has been cited as one of the areas that constitu te internet security breaches. It entails transferring of abusesor information aimed at intimidating other people.Cyber bullying has turned out as the newest platform for which the people, especially the youth, are increasingly abusing each other. The more concerning issue is that there are shortly no new appropriate techniques that intervene for cyber bullying despite the large numbers of children who have access to information and technologies. Internet and cell phone communications have been cited as tools of cyber bullying. Even more ambitious is that cyber bullying occurs during class time. Various incidents of cyber bullying have been witnessed recently.One of the cases that conspicuously featured on news headlines was of Alexis Henkel, a high school student. Henkel was charged with posting a number of anonymous and threatening messages on the internet account of one of her former classmates, who she accused of engaging in a flirt with his boyfriend (HazeldenFoundation, 2012) . It has been argued that cyber bullying is particularly rampant because most cases are not reported. The most appropriate technological approach to addressing cyber bullying entails the application of gumshoe tools, which facilitates content monitoring, as well as blocking.Indeed, various social sites now offer safety tools that enable users and administrators to report and block forms of communication that amount to bullying. These go hand-in-hand with the approach of instilling of ethical morals among the users, as well as enlightening the society on online safety, including ways of using online safety tools. Category of internet security Breaches Information leakageIntegrity ViolationDenial of ServiceIllegitimate use Data breaches information stored in a website is accessed and released without authorityCyber bullying entails sending abuses and information that undermines the integrity of other peopleWorm Launching worms or viruses block internet access, denying the victims ac cess to the internet. Additionally, some worms infect computers, making them malfunction. This also denies the victims access to computer services1. Internet intrusion and Hacking Hacking enables the perpetrators to access websites and use services illegitimately. 2. Cyber fraud Cyber fraud constitutes the motives of illegitimate use of internet resources

How useful are the views of Anzac soldiers at Gallipoli suggested in Source A, B and C

alone the sources ar recyclable because even though they may non be reliable, they render the heaps opinion of the Gallipoli campaign. Sources that turn up peoples opinion can be used to explore how the solders felt through out the wars. Source A was published in 1916, just one year after the Gallipoli campaign. This makes it a primary source, which could mean that its much reliable as it was written ne atomic number 18r the time, and details have had less time to be forgotten.It was make on the Gallipoli peninsular, which shows that the artist had an eye witness write up this would mean he was relying on his own acquaintance not someone elses. Although it as created by an Australian artist, which might mean it, is biased or misinform because he might expect to make the Australians look relegate, it shows both the good and bad side of the war. The cartoons show two ANZAC soldiers as they looked during the Gallipoli campaign. The first cartoon shows a man in a large all over coat, shoes that are to big for him, a gun, hes yawning and has skinny legs.The large coat and shoes that are to big for him conjure up that the supplies arent getting through and they are rattling low on resources so he has to use anything he can get. The skinny legs also show that there is a lack of regimen and that the soldiers are very weak. I do from my own retireledge that supplies werent getting through and that food supplies were very low. Also there were thousand of flies, which infected the food so that the little food that was left was not edible.The title another hopeless dawn shows the soldiers feel that they are not getting anywhere and that they are not going to progress anywhere with the knew day. The source is quite reliable and is useful because it shows an actual account of the soldiers time in Gallipoli and is not over exaggerated to make them look better as it shows the positives and negatives. and then it can be use to show how the conditions affect ed the soldiers, it also shows what the soldiers looked like during the war. Source B is useful because it provides a historical account.However it maybe bias as an Australian writes it and he might want to make his army look better. It is a atomic number 16ary source so it might be to a greater extent reliable because there might be more than sources available. Also the people who have written the sources hes base his book on have had time to recover from the shock they may have suffered and write the sources more accurately. I cheat element of it is truthful and is reliable, as I know that the citizen soldiers were trained from an early duration for military. It is also similar to the feeling in Britain to be left behind was unthinkable. So we know that this part is truth and reliable. However, part of the source is unreliable as it is just one mans opinion (John Kegan). New Zealanders skills with the rape and spade would win them a reputation as the best soldiers in the war during the 20th Century. We know this is not true as the New Zealanders lost their battle at the Gallipoli campaign to the Turks. As the British and French troops won most of their battles during the first and Second World War it could be argued that they were the stronger and better troops of the 20th Century. It also says in the source ormidable offensive power, as the Turks were soon to discover we know this is not true as they lost to the Turks. I also know the landings at Sulva bay went equipment casualty for the ANZAC troops and also the landings at ANZAC cove and Cape Helles beach failed. This shows they cannot be the formidable offensive power the condition makes them out to be and that he is maybe exaggerating what happened to make it his troops sound better. This source can be used as an insight as to what happen when the new Zealanders got called up to war, and what the New Zealand people estimate of their troops.Source C is written by a reporter, but it is not cl ear as to what pastoral he is from, the way he talks about the Australians suggest that he is not from Australia, but is move by them. He seems to over exaggerate the part they played in the war and the way they dealt with it. This would suggest the source is unreliable as it is his own opinion not actual facts. This source shows what some people thought of the Australians it was great to watch them as they went.It shows the high moral and ANZAC spirit that was present through the campaign, I know this is probably true because is very similar to what happened in Britain through out the first and second war there was arguably very high British spirit. It also has some inaccurate points i. e. short unaffected by the bullets this cannot be true as many troops were killed by bullets. I know that there were 200,000 allied casualties and some of these were from the ANZAC troops, therefore they werent unaffected by bullets.This source is best used as an opinion and insight into what wa s thought of the Australians rather than as reliable account of what actually happened. In finding Sources A, B and C are useful in different ways. Source A is the most reliable and accurate account of what actually happened and could be used to show what actually happened. Source B and C is best used as opinions of what happened, where the truth may have been exaggerated or distorted. It can be used to show an account from the ANZAC point of view and how their people felt towards the campaign.